The primary vices are Pride, Fear, and Despair-those farthest from the primary virtues. Vices: “Any virtue when taken to an extreme can become a vice.”2 Moving outside the wheel in any direction takes us to a vice. Halves and Quadrants: Virtues can be grouped into halves and quadrants, with similar characteristics. Integrity is a perfectly shaped wheel, with balance between all virtues, and Temperance is moving slowly between virtues, and avoiding the edges. Shades and Tints are formed when white or black are added to colors, perhaps like adding Justice or Exactness, and Mercy or Forgiveness.įace Values: Virtues at the center are not complemented: One cannot have too much Obedience, Knowledge, and Gratitude. Tertiary Virtues: Diligent and Patient, Courageous and Meek, Cheerful and Reverent are tertiary pairs of virtues with complementary and neighboring relationships.
The complements to the primary virtues might be Virtuous or Principled, Humble or Teachable, and Honest or Realistic.
So tolerance, without limit, could lead to spineless permissiveness.”1 Even the primary virtues have to be tempered, or complemented. Not so! Overdoses of needed medication can be toxic. Other names for them are Loving, Confident, and Optimistic.Ĭomplements: “An erroneous assumption could be made that if a little of something is good, a lot must be better. In 2010, I realized there are three primary virtues in Christianity: Charity, Faith, and Hope, similar to the three primary colors in a color wheel.
Primary Virtues: Over decades I have searched for a way to express the relationships of various virtues.
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